Oxidative biomarkers, trace elements, and other biochemical markers among sickle cell patients receiving omega-3 supplements: case-control study

Abstract

Background and aims: Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is an autosomal recessive haematological disorder in which the gene coding for the beta chain of haemoglobin is mutated. Patients with SCA have higher levels of pro-oxidants such as lipid peroxide and lower levels of antioxidants. There is previous evidence that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation is a safe and effective treatment for SCA as an adjunct therapy alongside conventional treatments, as it is beneficial in decreasing anaemia, vasoocclusive crises, inflammation, and haemolysis. This study aimed to assess the effect of omega-3 supplementation on the levels of lipid peroxide, trace elements (magnesium, copper, and zinc), and other biochemical markers in sickle cell patients.
Methods: Ninety individuals (4–20 years old) were divided into 4 groups: Group A: 51 patients with SCA on omega 3 supplements, Group B: 22 sickle cell patients not on omega 3 supplementation, Group C: 17 healthy controls, and Group D: forming the patients’ group (Group A and Group B combined). Blood samples were collected to measure lipid peroxide, magnesium, copper, zinc levels, and other biochemical markers.
Results: No differences were found between Group A and Group B for all variables except magnesium levels, which were higher in Group B (16.9 ± 7.1 mg/l for Group B and 11.9 ± 7.8 mg/l for Group A, p < 0.001). In comparison with Group C, Group D had lower haemoglobin levels (p < 0.001) and higher levels of lipid peroxide (p < 0.001). Both groups C and D had lower copper levels than the normal range.
Conclusion: No association was found between omega-3 supplementation and the level of the measured biomarkers. The cause of low copper levels in Sudanese paediatric participants should be further investigated.

Keywords: Sickle cell anemia, omega-3 fatty acid, lipid peroxide, antioxidants, trace elements